► It is evident that the US’ domestic political uncertainty has constrained both APEC and IPEF development. Foreign policy and trade are not on the US government’s list of priorities, especially with next year's upcoming presidential election.

► Three APEC member economies: Viet Nam, Indonesia and Mexico are among “the connector” of a fragmented global economy by avoiding being trapped in the strategic competition between the US and China and diversifying to reduce the supply chain risks.

► Peru will host APEC in 2024, coinciding with commemorating the 30-year Bogor Goals and reaffirming APEC's grand vision in trade should be the utmost priority.